EN BREF
Jésus a-t-il seulement montré le chemin du salut, ou est-il venu nous sauver ?
Jésus-Christ est mort pour les pécheurs et il est ressuscité. Paul nomme des témoins, et les Évangiles présentent le Sauveur donnant sa vie en rançon. La croix répond à notre culpabilité devant un Dieu saint par une miséricorde que nous ne pouvons mériter. La confiance en Christ apporte la réconciliation par grâce et une vie renouvelée ; rejeter son œuvre salvatrice touche à notre espérance éternelle, et pas seulement à notre étiquette religieuse.
1 Corinthiens 15:1–11 Marc 10:42–45 Romains 5:6–10 Éphésiens 2:8–10 Jean 3:14–21
Choisissez un numéro de verset, l’icône de livre ou un mot souligné pour en lire davantage ici.
La croix était présente dès le commencement.
L’Évangile chrétien commence par un événement : Jésus-Christ est mort pour nos péchés, a été enseveli et est ressuscité. En 1 Corinthiens , Paul transmet la proclamation qu’il avait reçue et nomme ceux à qui le Christ est apparu : Céphas, les Douze, Jacques, les apôtres et Paul lui-même. Il rapporte aussi une apparition à plus de cinq cents personnes, dont la plupart, dit-il, étaient encore en vie. La lettre est généralement datée du milieu des années 50 de notre ère, environ vingt-cinq ans après la crucifixion, et Paul y reprend un message qu’il avait déjà transmis. La croix et la résurrection appartiennent à la proclamation de cette première génération.
1 Corinthiens 15:1–11 1 Corinthiens · introduction historique
Ces affirmations concernent des témoins nommés et identifiables. En Galates , Paul dit avoir séjourné chez Céphas et rencontré Jacques, le frère du Seigneur. Son récit le relie aux personnes qui se trouvaient au cœur du mouvement. Les cinq cents constituent un groupe dont Paul rapporte l’existence, et non cinq cents déclarations conservées séparément ; les éléments restent néanmoins assez concrets pour exiger une explication.
Celui qui donne sa vie.
Les Évangiles donnent à cette mort salvatrice son sens dans l’enseignement même de Jésus. Dans Marc, il rejette le modèle des dirigeants qui dominent les autres et déclare que le Fils de l’homme est venu servir et donner sa vie en . Il ne se contente pas de prescrire un chemin par lequel les coupables pourraient s’élever jusqu’à Dieu. Il se donne pour eux.
Car le Fils de l’homme est venu, non pour être servi, mais pour servir et donner sa vie comme la de plusieurs.
Jean identifie Jésus à qui était avec Dieu et qui était Dieu ; toutes choses ont été faites par lui. Le Fils partageait la gloire avec le Père avant l’existence du monde et s’est fait véritablement homme. Thomas appelle Jésus ressuscité son Seigneur et son Dieu. L’épître aux Hébreux s’adresse au Fils comme à Dieu et au Seigneur, le Créateur immuable. Cette identité divine appartient à l’Évangile lui-même.
Un prophète a-t-il été transformé en Sauveur divin ?
Un musulman peut reconnaître Jésus comme Messie tout en soutenant que ses disciples ont transformé un messager humain en Fils divin et remplacé son message par une théologie de la croix. Cette explication avance une affirmation historique : le Jésus antérieur aurait été différent de celui que proclament les écrits apostoliques conservés. Elle doit donc rendre compte de ces écrits, au lieu de supposer leur enseignement central faux parce qu’il contredit un récit plus tardif. Le Coran dit aussi aux pécheurs de ne pas désespérer de la miséricorde de Dieu, mais de se repentir et de se soumettre à lui ().
Le Coran dit en 4:157–158 que les adversaires de Jésus ne l’ont ni tué ni crucifié ; cela leur fut donné à croire, et Dieu l’éleva vers lui. Le verset ne nomme aucun substitut. Les commentateurs classiques proposent différents récits : un disciple se porta volontaire pour prendre l’apparence de Jésus et être tué à sa place, avec la promesse du paradis ; ou cette apparence fut donnée à un assaillant, dans certaines versions un faux disciple qui le trahit. Un musulman reçoit le verset comme une révélation corrigeant le récit chrétien et y voit Dieu délivrant son messager. Le désaccord porte sur le fait que Jésus ait donné sa vie pour les pécheurs : l’acte sauveur au cœur de l’Évangile apostolique.
1 Corinthiens 15:1–11 Coran 4:157 Coran 4:158 Ibn Kathir · Coran 4:157 (arabe) Ibn Kathir · Coran 4:158 (arabe) al-Qurtubi · Coran 3:54 (arabe) al-Razi, Mafatih al-Ghayb · Coran 4:157 (arabe)
La grâce pour une conscience coupable.
Dans le récit qu’Ibn Kathir fait remonter à Ibn Abbas, Jésus demande quel disciple prendra son apparence et sera tué à sa place. L’Évangile raconte l’inverse. Jésus dit que personne ne lui prend sa vie, mais qu’il la donne de lui-même (Jean ), et il a souffert, le juste pour les injustes, afin de nous amener à Dieu (1 Pierre ). Paul dit que tous ont péché, puis présente le sang du Christ comme la réponse de Dieu : il manifeste sa justice tout en justifiant ceux qui croient en Jésus. Le Fils de Dieu s’est fait homme et s’est donné pour nous. L’épître aux Hébreux présente son offrande une fois pour toutes, accomplissant ce que les sacrifices d’animaux ne pouvaient accomplir. Le salut est son don, reçu par la foi et non gagné par les œuvres. Il donne aux siens un cœur nouveau et met son Esprit en eux ; les bonnes œuvres naissent de cette vie renouvelée. En niant la crucifixion, le Coran contredit cette annonce de la rédemption.
Romains 5:6–10 Éphésiens 2:8–10 Ézéchiel 36:26–27 Ibn Kathir · Coran 4:158 (arabe) Jean 10:17–18 1 Pierre 3:18 Romains 3:21–26 Hébreux 10:4–14
Comme Moïse a élevé le serpent dans le désert, Jésus dit que le Fils de l’homme doit être élevé afin que quiconque croit en lui ait la vie éternelle. Il est venu sauver, et il avertit que refuser le Fils nous laisse sous le jugement. Jésus promet la vie éternelle à ceux qui croient au Fils (Jean ) ; Paul nous appelle à confesser Jésus comme Seigneur et à croire que Dieu l’a ressuscité des morts pour être sauvés (Romains ). Quiconque nie le Fils n’a pas le Père (1 Jean ). Paul avertit que même lui ou un ange doit être anathème s’il prêche un autre Évangile. La négation par l’islam de la mort salvatrice du Christ ne peut donc être reçue comme une révélation supplémentaire de Dieu. Venez au Christ avec la culpabilité que vous ne pouvez effacer. Repentez-vous, croyez à l’Évangile et recevez le repos qu’il promet.
Marc 1:15 Matthieu 11:28 Jean 3:14–21 Jean 6:40 1 Jean 2:22–23 Romains 10:9–13 Galates 1:6–9
Consultez les sources.
Liste complète des sources(38)
King James Version
1 Corinthians 15:1–11
Ce texte source est en anglais.
1Moreover, brethren, I declare unto you the gospel which I preached unto you, which also ye have received, and wherein ye stand;
2By which also ye are saved, if ye keep in memory what I preached unto you, unless ye have believed in vain.
3For I delivered unto you first of all that which I also received, how that Christ died for our sins according to the scriptures;
4And that he was buried, and that he rose again the third day according to the scriptures:
5And that he was seen of Cephas, then of the twelve:
6After that, he was seen of above five hundred brethren at once; of whom the greater part remain unto this present, but some are fallen asleep.
7After that, he was seen of James; then of all the apostles.
8And last of all he was seen of me also, as of one born out of due time.
King James Version
Galatians 1:18–19
Ce texte source est en anglais.
18Then after three years I went up to Jerusalem to see Peter, and abode with him fifteen days.
19But other of the apostles saw I none, save James the Lord’s brother.
King James Version
Mark 10:42–45
Ce texte source est en anglais.
42But Jesus called them to him, and saith unto them, Ye know that they which are accounted to rule over the Gentiles exercise lordship over them; and their great ones exercise authority upon them.
43But so shall it not be among you: but whosoever will be great among you, shall be your minister:
44And whosoever of you will be the chiefest, shall be servant of all.
45For even the Son of man came not to be ministered unto, but to minister, and to give his life a ransom for many.
King James Version
John 1:1–14
Ce texte source est en anglais.
1In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.
2The same was in the beginning with God.
3All things were made by him; and without him was not any thing made that was made.
4In him was life; and the life was the light of men.
5And the light shineth in darkness; and the darkness comprehended it not.
6¶ There was a man sent from God, whose name was John.
7The same came for a witness, to bear witness of the Light, that all men through him might believe.
8He was not that Light, but was sent to bear witness of that Light.
King James Version
John 20:24–29
Ce texte source est en anglais.
24¶ But Thomas, one of the twelve, called Didymus, was not with them when Jesus came.
25The other disciples therefore said unto him, We have seen the Lord. But he said unto them, Except I shall see in his hands the print of the nails, and put my finger into the print of the nails, and thrust my hand into his side, I will not believe.
26¶ And after eight days again his disciples were within, and Thomas with them: then came Jesus, the doors being shut, and stood in the midst, and said, Peace be unto you.
27Then saith he to Thomas, Reach hither thy finger, and behold my hands; and reach hither thy hand, and thrust it into my side: and be not faithless, but believing.
28And Thomas answered and said unto him, My Lord and my God.
29Jesus saith unto him, Thomas, because thou hast seen me, thou hast believed: blessed are they that have not seen, and yet have believed.
King James Version
Luke 1:1–4
Ce texte source est en anglais.
1Forasmuch as many have taken in hand to set forth in order a declaration of those things which are most surely believed among us,
2Even as they delivered them unto us, which from the beginning were eyewitnesses, and ministers of the word;
3It seemed good to me also, having had perfect understanding of all things from the very first, to write unto thee in order, most excellent Theophilus,
4That thou mightest know the certainty of those things, wherein thou hast been instructed.
King James Version
John 19:35
Ce texte source est en anglais.
35And he that saw it bare record, and his record is true: and he knoweth that he saith true, that ye might believe.
King James Version
Romans 5:6–10
Ce texte source est en anglais.
6For when we were yet without strength, in due time Christ died for the ungodly.
7For scarcely for a righteous man will one die: yet peradventure for a good man some would even dare to die.
8But God commendeth his love toward us, in that, while we were yet sinners, Christ died for us.
9Much more then, being now justified by his blood, we shall be saved from wrath through him.
10For if, when we were enemies, we were reconciled to God by the death of his Son, much more, being reconciled, we shall be saved by his life.
King James Version
Ephesians 2:8–10
Ce texte source est en anglais.
8For by grace are ye saved through faith; and that not of yourselves: it is the gift of God:
9Not of works, lest any man should boast.
10For we are his workmanship, created in Christ Jesus unto good works, which God hath before ordained that we should walk in them.
King James Version
Mark 1:15
Ce texte source est en anglais.
15And saying, The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God is at hand: repent ye, and believe the gospel.
King James Version
Matthew 11:28
Ce texte source est en anglais.
28¶ Come unto me, all ye that labour and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest.
King James Version
John 21:24
Ce texte source est en anglais.
24This is the disciple which testifieth of these things, and wrote these things: and we know that his testimony is true.
M. Pickthall · English translation
Qur’an 4:157
Ce texte source est en anglais.
157And because of their saying: We slew the Messiah, Jesus son of Mary, Allah's messenger - they slew him not nor crucified him, but it appeared so unto them; and lo! those who disagree concerning it are in doubt thereof; they have no knowledge thereof save pursuit of a conjecture; they slew him not for certain.
M. Pickthall · English translation
Qur’an 4:158
Ce texte source est en anglais.
158But Allah took him up unto Himself. Allah was ever Mighty, Wise.
King James Version
John 18:37
Ce texte source est en anglais.
37Pilate therefore said unto him, Art thou a king then? Jesus answered, Thou sayest that I am a king. To this end was I born, and for this cause came I into the world, that I should bear witness unto the truth. Every one that is of the truth heareth my voice.
M. Pickthall · English translation
Qur’an 3:54
Ce texte source est en anglais.
54And they (the disbelievers) schemed, and Allah schemed (against them): and Allah is the best of schemers.
King James Version
Ezekiel 36:26–27
Ce texte source est en anglais.
26A new heart also will I give you, and a new spirit will I put within you: and I will take away the stony heart out of your flesh, and I will give you an heart of flesh.
27And I will put my spirit within you, and cause you to walk in my statutes, and ye shall keep my judgments, and do them.
King James Version
John 3:14–21
Ce texte source est en anglais.
14¶ And as Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, even so must the Son of man be lifted up:
15That whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have eternal life.
16¶ For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life.
17For God sent not his Son into the world to condemn the world; but that the world through him might be saved.
18¶ He that believeth on him is not condemned: but he that believeth not is condemned already, because he hath not believed in the name of the only begotten Son of God.
19And this is the condemnation, that light is come into the world, and men loved darkness rather than light, because their deeds were evil.
20For every one that doeth evil hateth the light, neither cometh to the light, lest his deeds should be reproved.
21But he that doeth truth cometh to the light, that his deeds may be made manifest, that they are wrought in God.
King James Version
Galatians 2:7–9
Ce texte source est en anglais.
7But contrariwise, when they saw that the gospel of the uncircumcision was committed unto me, as the gospel of the circumcision was unto Peter;
8(For he that wrought effectually in Peter to the apostleship of the circumcision, the same was mighty in me toward the Gentiles:)
9And when James, Cephas, and John, who seemed to be pillars, perceived the grace that was given unto me, they gave to me and Barnabas the right hands of fellowship; that we should go unto the heathen, and they unto the circumcision.
King James Version
John 10:17–18
Ce texte source est en anglais.
17Therefore doth my Father love me, because I lay down my life, that I might take it again.
18No man taketh it from me, but I lay it down of myself. I have power to lay it down, and I have power to take it again. This commandment have I received of my Father.
King James Version
1 Peter 3:18
Ce texte source est en anglais.
18For Christ also hath once suffered for sins, the just for the unjust, that he might bring us to God, being put to death in the flesh, but quickened by the Spirit:
King James Version
John 17:5
Ce texte source est en anglais.
5And now, O Father, glorify thou me with thine own self with the glory which I had with thee before the world was.
King James Version
Hebrews 1:8–12
Ce texte source est en anglais.
8But unto the Son he saith, Thy throne, O God, is for ever and ever: a sceptre of righteousness is the sceptre of thy kingdom.
9Thou hast loved righteousness, and hated iniquity; therefore God, even thy God, hath anointed thee with the oil of gladness above thy fellows.
10And, Thou, Lord, in the beginning hast laid the foundation of the earth; and the heavens are the works of thine hands:
11They shall perish; but thou remainest; and they all shall wax old as doth a garment;
12And as a vesture shalt thou fold them up, and they shall be changed: but thou art the same, and thy years shall not fail.
M. Pickthall · English translation
Qur’an 39:53–54
Ce texte source est en anglais.
53Say: O My slaves who have been prodigal to their own hurt! Despair not of the mercy of Allah, Who forgiveth all sins. Lo! He is the Forgiving, the Merciful.
54Turn unto your Lord repentant, and surrender unto Him, before there come unto you the doom, when ye cannot be helped.
King James Version
Romans 3:21–26
Ce texte source est en anglais.
21But now the righteousness of God without the law is manifested, being witnessed by the law and the prophets;
22Even the righteousness of God which is by faith of Jesus Christ unto all and upon all them that believe: for there is no difference:
23For all have sinned, and come short of the glory of God;
24Being justified freely by his grace through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus:
25Whom God hath set forth to be a propitiation through faith in his blood, to declare his righteousness for the remission of sins that are past, through the forbearance of God;
26To declare, I say, at this time his righteousness: that he might be just, and the justifier of him which believeth in Jesus.
King James Version
Hebrews 10:4–14
Ce texte source est en anglais.
4For it is not possible that the blood of bulls and of goats should take away sins.
5Wherefore when he cometh into the world, he saith, Sacrifice and offering thou wouldest not, but a body hast thou prepared me:
6In burnt offerings and sacrifices for sin thou hast had no pleasure.
7Then said I, Lo, I come (in the volume of the book it is written of me,) to do thy will, O God.
8Above when he said, Sacrifice and offering and burnt offerings and offering for sin thou wouldest not, neither hadst pleasure therein; which are offered by the law;
9Then said he, Lo, I come to do thy will, O God. He taketh away the first, that he may establish the second.
10By the which will we are sanctified through the offering of the body of Jesus Christ once for all.
11And every priest standeth daily ministering and offering oftentimes the same sacrifices, which can never take away sins:
King James Version
John 6:40
Ce texte source est en anglais.
40And this is the will of him that sent me, that every one which seeth the Son, and believeth on him, may have everlasting life: and I will raise him up at the last day.
King James Version
1 John 2:22–23
Ce texte source est en anglais.
22Who is a liar but he that denieth that Jesus is the Christ? He is antichrist, that denieth the Father and the Son.
23Whosoever denieth the Son, the same hath not the Father: but he that acknowledgeth the Son hath the Father also.
King James Version
Romans 10:9–13
Ce texte source est en anglais.
9That if thou shalt confess with thy mouth the Lord Jesus, and shalt believe in thine heart that God hath raised him from the dead, thou shalt be saved.
10For with the heart man believeth unto righteousness; and with the mouth confession is made unto salvation.
11For the scripture saith, Whosoever believeth on him shall not be ashamed.
12For there is no difference between the Jew and the Greek: for the same Lord over all is rich unto all that call upon him.
13For whosoever shall call upon the name of the Lord shall be saved.
King James Version
Galatians 1:6–9
Ce texte source est en anglais.
6I marvel that ye are so soon removed from him that called you into the grace of Christ unto another gospel:
7Which is not another; but there be some that trouble you, and would pervert the gospel of Christ.
8But though we, or an angel from heaven, preach any other gospel unto you than that which we have preached unto you, let him be accursed.
9As we said before, so say I now again, If any man preach any other gospel unto you than that ye have received, let him be accursed.
King James Version
1 Corinthians 15:1–8
Ce texte source est en anglais.
1Moreover, brethren, I declare unto you the gospel which I preached unto you, which also ye have received, and wherein ye stand;
2By which also ye are saved, if ye keep in memory what I preached unto you, unless ye have believed in vain.
3For I delivered unto you first of all that which I also received, how that Christ died for our sins according to the scriptures;
4And that he was buried, and that he rose again the third day according to the scriptures:
5And that he was seen of Cephas, then of the twelve:
6After that, he was seen of above five hundred brethren at once; of whom the greater part remain unto this present, but some are fallen asleep.
7After that, he was seen of James; then of all the apostles.
8And last of all he was seen of me also, as of one born out of due time.
King James Version
Mark 10:45
Ce texte source est en anglais.
45For even the Son of man came not to be ministered unto, but to minister, and to give his life a ransom for many.
King James Version
John 10:18
Ce texte source est en anglais.
18No man taketh it from me, but I lay it down of myself. I have power to lay it down, and I have power to take it again. This commandment have I received of my Father.
King James Version
Romans 10:9
Ce texte source est en anglais.
9That if thou shalt confess with thy mouth the Lord Jesus, and shalt believe in thine heart that God hath raised him from the dead, thou shalt be saved.
King James Version
1 John 2:23
Ce texte source est en anglais.
23Whosoever denieth the Son, the same hath not the Father: but he that acknowledgeth the Son hath the Father also.
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Sens du mot · Grec
λύτρον
lytron
Une rançon : le prix payé pour libérer quelqu’un.
Dans ce contexte
Marc 10:45 dit que le Fils de l’homme est venu donner sa vie en rançon pour beaucoup (λύτρον ἀντὶ πολλῶν).
Sens du mot · Grec
λόγος
logos
Parole, discours, raison. Dans l’Évangile de Jean, avec l’article, la Parole divine qui est le Christ.
Dans ce contexte
Jean 1:1, 14 identifie la Parole à Dieu (θεὸς ἦν ὁ λόγος) et déclare que la Parole est devenue chair.
Sens du mot · Arabe
مَكْر
makr
Ruse, stratagème ou tromperie : un dessein caché qui détourne quelqu’un de son but. Les lexiques classiques le qualifient de louable ou de blâmable selon sa fin.
Dans ce contexte
Le Coran 3:54 nomme la contre-ruse de Dieu. Ibn Kathir décrit Dieu donnant à un autre homme la ressemblance de Jésus, de sorte que les ennemis de Jésus crucifient cet homme en croyant qu’il s’agit de Jésus. Makr désigne un stratagème et peut inclure la tromperie ; ce n’est pas simplement un synonyme de mensonge prononcé. Cette étendue lexicale n’efface pas la question soulevée par le récit de substitution.











